Abstract

Although established as wide-ranging trends in IT, some paradigms are not yet as pervasive, diversified, and – most of all – integrated (in both senses: incorporated as well as intertwined) in real-time control systems, as they should be. The paper considers three of them: a) agent-orientation – particularly, multi-agent systems (MAS) [10]; b) holonic approach to manufacturing systems [6]; c) coarse-grain parallelism [7] [11]. The state of the art in these fields is elaborated upon passing it through a threefold filter regarding real-time applications: high complexity, vital robustness, and critical response time.